ICD-10-PCS table 06U
Supplement, Lower Veins
Supplement: Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically reinforces and/or augments the function of a portion of a body part
Table rows
4 · Body Part
- 0Inferior Vena Cava
- 1Splenic Vein
- 2Gastric Vein
- 3Esophageal Vein
- 4Hepatic Vein
- 5Superior Mesenteric Vein
- 6Inferior Mesenteric Vein
- 7Colic Vein
- 8Portal Vein
- 9Renal Vein, Right
- BRenal Vein, Left
- CCommon Iliac Vein, Right
- DCommon Iliac Vein, Left
- FExternal Iliac Vein, Right
- GExternal Iliac Vein, Left
- HHypogastric Vein, Right
- JHypogastric Vein, Left
- MFemoral Vein, Right
- NFemoral Vein, Left
- PSaphenous Vein, Right
- QSaphenous Vein, Left
- TFoot Vein, Right
- VFoot Vein, Left
- YLower Vein
5 · Approach
- 0Open
- 3Percutaneous
- 4Percutaneous Endoscopic
6 · Device
- 7Autologous Tissue Substitute
- JSynthetic Substitute
- KNonautologous Tissue Substitute
7 · Qualifier
- ZNo Qualifier
All 216 valid codes in 06U
- 06U007ZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U00JZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U00KZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U037ZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U03JZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U03KZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U047ZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U04JZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U04KZSupplement Inferior Vena Cava with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U107ZSupplement Splenic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U10JZSupplement Splenic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U10KZSupplement Splenic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U137ZSupplement Splenic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U13JZSupplement Splenic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U13KZSupplement Splenic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U147ZSupplement Splenic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U14JZSupplement Splenic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U14KZSupplement Splenic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U207ZSupplement Gastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U20JZSupplement Gastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U20KZSupplement Gastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U237ZSupplement Gastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U23JZSupplement Gastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U23KZSupplement Gastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U247ZSupplement Gastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U24JZSupplement Gastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U24KZSupplement Gastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U307ZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U30JZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U30KZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U337ZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U33JZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U33KZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U347ZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U34JZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U34KZSupplement Esophageal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U407ZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U40JZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U40KZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U437ZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U43JZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U43KZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U447ZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U44JZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U44KZSupplement Hepatic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U507ZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U50JZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U50KZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U537ZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U53JZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U53KZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U547ZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U54JZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U54KZSupplement Superior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U607ZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U60JZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U60KZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U637ZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U63JZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U63KZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U647ZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U64JZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U64KZSupplement Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U707ZSupplement Colic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U70JZSupplement Colic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U70KZSupplement Colic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U737ZSupplement Colic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U73JZSupplement Colic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U73KZSupplement Colic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U747ZSupplement Colic Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U74JZSupplement Colic Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U74KZSupplement Colic Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U807ZSupplement Portal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U80JZSupplement Portal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U80KZSupplement Portal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U837ZSupplement Portal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U83JZSupplement Portal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U83KZSupplement Portal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U847ZSupplement Portal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U84JZSupplement Portal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U84KZSupplement Portal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U907ZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U90JZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U90KZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06U937ZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U93JZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U93KZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06U947ZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U94JZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06U94KZSupplement Right Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UB07ZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UB0JZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UB0KZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UB37ZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UB3JZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UB3KZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UB47ZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UB4JZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UB4KZSupplement Left Renal Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UC07ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UC0JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UC0KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UC37ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UC3JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UC3KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UC47ZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UC4JZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UC4KZSupplement Right Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UD07ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UD0JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UD0KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UD37ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UD3JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UD3KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UD47ZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UD4JZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UD4KZSupplement Left Common Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UF07ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UF0JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UF0KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UF37ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UF3JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UF3KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UF47ZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UF4JZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UF4KZSupplement Right External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UG07ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UG0JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UG0KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UG37ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UG3JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UG3KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UG47ZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UG4JZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UG4KZSupplement Left External Iliac Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UH07ZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UH0JZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UH0KZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UH37ZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UH3JZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UH3KZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UH47ZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UH4JZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UH4KZSupplement Right Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UJ07ZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UJ0JZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UJ0KZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UJ37ZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UJ3JZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UJ3KZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UJ47ZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UJ4JZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UJ4KZSupplement Left Hypogastric Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UM07ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UM0JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UM0KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UM37ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UM3JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UM3KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UM47ZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UM4JZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UM4KZSupplement Right Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UN07ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UN0JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UN0KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UN37ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UN3JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UN3KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UN47ZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UN4JZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UN4KZSupplement Left Femoral Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UP07ZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UP0JZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UP0KZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UP37ZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UP3JZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UP3KZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UP47ZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UP4JZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UP4KZSupplement Right Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UQ07ZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UQ0JZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UQ0KZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UQ37ZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UQ3JZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UQ3KZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UQ47ZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UQ4JZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UQ4KZSupplement Left Saphenous Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UT07ZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UT0JZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UT0KZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UT37ZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UT3JZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UT3KZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UT47ZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UT4JZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UT4KZSupplement Right Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UV07ZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UV0JZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UV0KZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UV37ZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UV3JZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UV3KZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UV47ZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UV4JZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UV4KZSupplement Left Foot Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UY07ZSupplement Lower Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UY0JZSupplement Lower Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UY0KZSupplement Lower Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Open Approach
- 06UY37ZSupplement Lower Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UY3JZSupplement Lower Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UY3KZSupplement Lower Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Approach
- 06UY47ZSupplement Lower Vein with Autologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UY4JZSupplement Lower Vein with Synthetic Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach
- 06UY4KZSupplement Lower Vein with Nonautologous Tissue Substitute, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach